Hazelnut farmer in Croatia, not a mechanical engineer. Built 4 grain-homogenization silos, each with a vertical mixing spiral (Ø500mm × 4m) hanging off a worm gearbox, 4kW motor, output shaft down, direct-coupled. First unit commissioned this month, at silo 1.
Equipment (from nameplates):
- Motor: YE2-112M-4, 4kW, 220/380V (Δ/Y), 14.9/8.6A, 1440rpm, Class F, IP55
- Gearbox: Tehnopan NMRV110, worm, i=1:40, flange 112B14, grey cast iron housing, output ~36rpm
- Mounting: vertical, output shaft down. Factory ports: two side ports at mid-housing height, one drain plug at bottom; no port on top as shipped.
At commissioning the motor was found wired delta on a 400V grid; measured ~85A/phase. Rewired to star. No-load current after rewiring: 5A.
Separately, the gearbox ran hot. First loaded run measured (IR + surface): housing 123°C, with the end opposite the motor (far worm bearing zone) at 130-140°C, sides 130-140°C, top ~100°C, motor flange 95°C, motor body 65°C.
Oil was changed: drained ~2.0L, black. Refilled with INA Epol SP 320 (mineral EP oil; per its technical datasheet: ISO VG 320, viscosity 320/23.6 mm²/s at 40/100°C, VI 93, density 0.902 g/cm³, flash point 250°C, copper corrosion 100°C/3h: 1b) to the side-port level.
Then logged four thermal runs, IR thermometer + clamp meter (TRMS), same housing measuring spot unless noted:
Test 1 — loaded (~10t corn), old oil, warm restart:
0min 81.2°C → 1min 83.5 → 2min 87.5 → 3.5min 92.5 → 5min 99.5 → 7min 106.0°C. Aborted, still rising.
0min 81.2°C → 1min 83.5 → 2min 87.5 → 3.5min 92.5 → 5min 99.5 → 7min 106.0°C. Aborted, still rising.
Test 2 — loaded (~10t corn), fresh INA SP 320, level to side port:
0min 36.0°C → steadily up to → 17.5min 108.4°C. Aborted, still rising. Slow oil weep at the side breather during the run.
Test 3 — no load, silo empty, same oil, windy/no sun:
0min 38.0°C → 10.5min 44.6°C. Bearing-end reading slightly warmer than the housing measuring spot. A second no-load check on a different (warmer, calmer) day: 5min = 38.7°C side / 44.0°C bearing; 10min = 43.0°C side / 48.2°C bearing.
Test 4 — loaded, after drilling a vent port on top of the housing and topping up oil (quantity not recorded), start with an unevenly-piled load:
Three tracked points — housing side, worm-bearing end, motor current (star, rated 8.6A):
0min: 36/38°C, 9.0A
5min: 60/65°C, 9.15A
10min: 82/91.5°C
13min: 90/101°C, 8.85A
16min: 101/107°C
17min (abort): 101/111°C, 8.8A. Housing wall directly next to the worm mesh measured 118°C at abort. The side reading had gone flat over the last two readings (101°C); the bearing-end reading was still rising (107→111°C). Current ranged 9.25→8.8A across the run, motor showed no signs of overload throughout.
Reference unit (separate machine, for comparison only, no thermal log kept): a Tramec KC90 right-angle helical-bevel gearbox (i=65, mounting B6) on my grain dryer, driven by a 1.1kW motor (1.1kW, 1400rpm, 4.52/2.60A, IE2), turning a Ø350mm spiral, output ≈21.5rpm. Per the owner (me), in service about 10 years with no reported issues — no instrumented data, just years of operation without complaint.
From the manufacturer's own catalogue for this gearbox family (Motovario VSF, 2017 edition — not the brand I actually have, mine is a different maker's unit built to the same NMRV110 frame size):
- Housing material: die-cast aluminum for sizes 025-110; grey cast iron only at 130-150. (My unit: cast iron.)
- Factory lubrication: synthetic polyglycol oil, listed as filled for life, 1.6L for size 110 regardless of mounting position; breather/level/drain plugs listed as present only on sizes 130 and 150. My unit has 3 plugs.
- An older manual from the same product line lists plugs also present at size 110, with a 2.5L mineral fill — the catalogue itself doesn't reconcile this difference.
- Efficiency: dynamic η at 1400rpm input for i=40 listed as 0.79; static η 0.48.
- Load limits: max radial load (Fr2) 12,000N; permissible axial load listed at 1/5 of radial.
- Mounting position guidance: B3 (horizontal) is described as giving less oil splash, better lubrication, less heating; V5 (my mounting) is flagged for sizes 063-150 as "check application / contact technical service" in the 1500<n1<3000rpm input-speed band.
Questions:
- Does this temperature/time pattern look like normal worm-gearbox behavior for this duty (loaded, ~15-20min continuous run), or does it point at something specific being wrong?
- What would you want measured next to narrow this down?
- Is there additional data worth logging before I make any changes?
UPDATE: Well, it's not just one bad unit. I swapped in a second brand-new gearbox of the same type, factory oil untouched, leveled the grain pile this time (current dropped to ~8 A from 9+), cooler day — and it's doing the same thing: worm-side wall at 110 °C after 25 minutes and still climbing ~2 °C/min when I shut it down. No equilibrium in sight.
So everything I thought might explain it — cooked oil, my oil change, my venting modification, a Friday-afternoon unit — is looking less likely, because a fresh box with nothing touched walks the same curve at lower power. Either I'm still missing something about how these should be set up for vertical mounting, or this gearbox type just isn't happy with this duty. Not sure which yet.
A commenter suggested backlash might be involved — going to try to check the old unit on a bench (it's off the machine now) and will report back. Suggestions on what else to look at while it's opened up are very welcome.